操作方法

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別：主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)例：He killed her（他殺了她）主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的接受者為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)例：She was killed by him（她被他殺了）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形成在16種時(shí)態(tài)中，有幾種時(shí)態(tài)沒(méi)有或無(wú)法形成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因此現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中常用的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)只有10種，如下圖：

分別舉例說(shuō)明：一般時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ) + be/is/sre + p.p(動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，下同）例：He is lovedby everyone.（他受到大家的愛(ài)戴）例：I am askedto study hard.（我被要求努力學(xué)習(xí)）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ) + was + P.P例：The book was written by him.（這本書(shū)是他寫(xiě)的）例：He was seen dancing yesterday.（他昨天跳舞被看到了）一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ) + will be +P.P例：The naughty boy will be punished by his mother.（這個(gè)頑皮的男孩會(huì)被他媽媽?xiě)土P）例：He will be elected president next year.（下一年他將會(huì)被選為）一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ) + would be + P.P例：He said he would be dispatched to Syria.（他說(shuō)他會(huì)被派遣到敘利亞）

進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ) + be/is/are being + P.P例：Prisoners are being judged.（犯人正在被審判）例：My bike is being repaired. （我的自行車(chē)正在修理當(dāng)中）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ) + was/were being + P.P例：The stadium was being built that time.（那時(shí)體育場(chǎng)正在建設(shè)當(dāng)中）

完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ) + have/has been + P.P例：This book has been translated into many languages.（這本書(shū)被翻譯成很多語(yǔ)言）過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ) + had been + P.P例：The hostages had been released when police arrived（警察到時(shí)人質(zhì)已經(jīng)被釋放了）將來(lái)完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ) + will + have been + P.P例：He will have been judged by the time you arrived.

過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ) + would have been + P.P例：I said that some delicious sandwiches would have been made by the time we got back.（我說(shuō)了我們回來(lái)時(shí)美味的三明治已經(jīng)做好了）注意：① 帶有助動(dòng)詞的句子轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，這些助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)新主語(yǔ)做相應(yīng)的變化，例：主動(dòng)：We shall not use the washing machine again.被動(dòng)：The washing machine will not be used again.（洗衣機(jī)不能再用了）② 帶有雙賓語(yǔ)的授予動(dòng)詞，其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種，當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)作為主語(yǔ)時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)前面加上相應(yīng)的介詞(to/for/of/on)。例：I gave him a book. （主動(dòng)）He was given a book by me. (被動(dòng)）A book was given to him by me.（被動(dòng)）（我給了他一本書(shū)）

那么什么情況下使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)呢？